《英語情態動詞》PPT課件.ppt

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1、情態動詞的用法情態動詞的用法 1.考點點擊: 情態動詞主要用來表示說話人的看法、 態度等,它是每年高考必考內容. 2.命題熱點: 情態動詞的基本用法,表示態度、推測的 用法以及在虛擬語氣中的運用. 3.考查形式:主要體現在聽力理解、單項填空 和完形填空中. 一、情態動詞命題特點: 二 、情態動詞的類型 1、只作情態動詞的有： must, can (could), may (might), ought to; 2、可作情態動詞也可作實義動詞的有： need, dare(美語中常用作實義動詞）； 3、可作情態動詞也可作助動詞的有: shall (should), will (would); 4、具

2、有情態動詞的某些特征的有： have (had) to, used to. 三、情態動詞的特征 1、有一定的詞義，但不能單獨作謂語，它們要和行為 動詞或連系動詞連用，構成謂語。 2、適用于主語的各種人稱和數(have to例外，主語是 第三人稱單數時，要用has to）。如： We/ He must work hard. 我們/他一定要努力工作 。 I have to walk home. 我得步行回家。 He has to walk home. 他得步行回家。 3、后面接原形動詞，即不帶to的不定式（ought to, have to, used to本身帶有to）。如： He may lo

3、se his way. 他可能會迷路。 You ought to obey the law. 你應該遵守法律 。 4、具有助動詞的作用，即可用來構成否定句、 疑問句及用于簡明答語。如： - I cant swim. Can you swim? - No, I cant either. -我不會游泳。你會游泳嗎？ - 我也不會。 1can和could 的用法 (1) His mother can / could speak French. 他媽媽會說法語。 (2) No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball. Oh, yo

4、u are really his big fan. (摘自2011湖南高考) 在打籃球方面，無人能與姚明相媲美。 你真是姚明的鐵桿粉絲。 【結論1】表示體力或腦力(知識、技能)所產生的能力。 (3)Man can / could not live without air. 人沒有空氣不能呼吸。 (4)Could you wait a few days for the money? 錢你可以再等幾天嗎？ (5)Could you be here at eight oclock tomorrow morning? 你能明天早上8點鐘到這兒嗎？ 【結論2】表示客觀的可能性。 【結論3】表示請求、建議

5、, 用could比can語氣更委婉 (回答用原形)。 (8) Can it be true? (9) You cant be serious! (10) Oh, dear, what on earth can this mean? (11) How could you do such a silly thing? 你怎么能做那樣的蠢事呢？ 【結論5】表示驚訝、懷疑、不相信的態度，常用在否 定句、疑問句和感嘆句中。 (6) Could / Can I borrow your reference books? 我可以借下你的參考書嗎？ (7) You can smoke in the entran

6、ce hall. 你可以在入口大廳抽煙。 【結論4】表示允許、許可，用could 比 can更委婉客氣。 (14) They were able to put out the fire without any help from the firefighters. (13) I couldnt but choose to wait. 【結論7】cannot but do sth. 不得不；只好 【結論7】表示“經過努力后終于能”，用be able to， 強調成功地做了某事。 【結論6】 cannot . too/enough表示“無論也不過 分”；“越越好”。用來加強語氣。 (12) You

7、 cant be too careful while driving. 開車時越小心越好。 【疑難剖析】表能力 1、表示現在的或一般的能力： 表示現在的或一般的能力用can或be able to，一般的能力即你 無論什么時候想做就能做到的能力。 表示現在的或一般的能力 時，can比able to 更普遍。 be able to 表能力,可用于多種時態。 A computer cant think for itself; it must be told what to do.（一般能力） He is a native speaker of English, so he can of course

8、 speak English quite well.（一般能力） I am starving to death. I can eat two bowls of rice now.（ 現在的能力） The biggest problem for most plants, which _just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.(07湖南) A. shant B. cant C. neednt D. mustnt B 句意為：對絕大多數受到威脅時而不能起身逃跑的植物 來說，最大的問題是動物喜

9、歡吃它們。情態動詞can 可 以表示人的能力和物的性能，故選B表示對能力的否定 。 2、表示將來的能力：will be able to If you have a good sleep, you will be able to work out this problem. 如果你睡個好覺，那么你就能做出這個題目。 3、表示過去的能力： could表示過去一般的能力， 但不表示做或未做某事； was/ were able to表示過去有能力并且成功地做了某事， 相當于 managed to do something/ succeeded in doing something； “could ha

10、ve +過去分詞”表示過去有能力但未做。 She could / was able to sing like an angel when she was a child.（過去一般的能力） The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. （過去有能力并且成功地做了某事） I could have worked out the problem, but I didnt. （過去有能力但未做） 練習 根據句意填入情態動詞的正確形式： 盡管很累了，那些冬泳者還是游過了那條河。 Tired

11、 as they were, the winter swimmers _ swim across the river. 老師跟我談了很久，我終于被他說服了。 The teacher talked with me for a long time, and eventually, he _ make me believe him. were able to was able to (1)表示允許、請求。Might I ? 比 May I ? 語氣更 委婉和有禮貌。 May I ask you a question? Might I close the window? (2)表示可能性，表示“或許，

12、大概”。用于肯定句或否 定句中，用might 比 may語氣更加不肯定。 He might come tomorrow. 他可能明天來。 He may be very busy these days. 他這些天可能很忙。 2may和might的用法 (3)用于目的狀語從句中,“為了”或“以便” Study hard that you may work better in the future. They set out early so that they might arrive in time. (4)慣用形式 may (might) as well動詞原形，不妨做 If that is

13、the case, we may as well try. Now that they were all here, she might as well speak her mind. (5)表示祝愿。 (不用might) 采用部分倒裝語序：may主語動詞原形 May you succeed! May the friendship between us last forever (6)may作“可以”講時,其否定式常用“mustnt”表示“禁止” must作“必須”講時,其否定式是“neednt”,表示“不必” May I take this book out of the reading r

14、oom? No, you mustnt. You read it here. 我可以把書拿出閱覽室嗎？ 不，決不可以，你在這兒讀。 May I use your car? No, you mustnt. Sorry, but Im using it now. Youd better not. Im afraid not. 3. must，have to的用法 (1)must 表示“必須”。強調主觀看法,只有現在時形式， 否定式是must not (mustnt)，表示“禁止”，“不準”。 所有人必須遵守條例。 Everybody must obey the rules. 不準你和你媽媽那樣說話

15、。 You mustnt speak like that to your mother. You mustnt park here! Its an emergency exit. 你不可以在這兒停車！這是緊急情況出口處。 (2)表示有把握的推測, 意為“一定,肯定”, 用于肯定句中。 走了很遠的路你一定餓了。 You must be hungry after the long walk. (3)表示“偏執”，“固執” “偏要、硬要” 。 How old are you, madam? If you must know, Im twice my sons age. Dont interrupt

16、me, John. Must you force me to tell you the truth at the moment? 約翰，你別打斷我說話。你非得逼我這時告訴你真相嗎？ Must you make so much noise? (4) have to表示“必須，不得不”，著重強調客觀需要， 能用于更多時態(過去式和將來式)。 因為他的腿斷了，他不得不躺在床上。 As he had broken his leg, he had to lie in bed. (5) Must I work out the problem tonight? No, you neednt. 4. will

17、, would的用法 (1)表示自愿做或主動提出做什么,如意志、愿望或決心等 。 will指現在,would則指過去。 I will do my best to help you.我會盡力幫你的。 He said that they would help us. 他說他們會幫助我們的。 John promised his doctor he would not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. (2)用于第二人稱的疑問句中表示有禮貌的詢問和請求， would 比 will更委婉。 當你看見他能給他捎個便條嗎？ Will you please

18、give him a message when you see him? 你可以教我怎樣駕車嗎？ Would you teach me how to drive a car? (3)表示習慣性、經常性、傾向性，意為“總是”，“慣于” 。will指現在，would是指過去。 魚沒水就會死。 Fish will die without water. 星期天當他在北京的時候就會來看我。 He would come to see me on Sunday when he was in Beijing. (4)表示說話人的推測，意為“大概，也許”。would 的肯 定性不如will強，語氣比較弱。 Th

19、at will be the man you want to see. Perhaps she would be willing to meet us. (5) 表示功能，譯作“能”或“行”。 That will do. The machine wont work. He tried the door again, but it wouldnt open 【疑難剖析】 would 與used to 的區別： We would sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (過去常有的習慣，但言下之意是現在可能還有這樣的習慣 ) W

20、e used to sit in the yard every evening and listen to his story. (過去常有的習慣，但言下之意是現在沒有這樣的習慣了) There used to be a park here. used to表示過去的某種習慣，現在已經沒那樣的習慣了 ；would 表示過去有某種習慣，現在可能還有。表示過 去的狀態，只能用used to，不能用would。 (1) shall用于第一、第三人稱疑問句中，表示說話人征求 對方的意見和向對方請示。 Shall I / we / he / she / they? Shall I turn off th

21、e light?我可以把燈關掉嗎？ Shall the driver wait outside? 司機將在外面等嗎？ 5. shall, should, ought to的用法 (2) shall用于第二、第三人稱作主語的陳述句中，表示 說話人的決心、意志、許諾、命令、警告、威脅等。 You shall go with me. You shall not leave your post. (3) 當頒布法律、規定時，也要用shall。 The sign reads: No person shall smoke here! (5) should表示按常規、常理推測，意為“可能”或 “應 該”。

22、Mother should be back by now. 媽媽現在應該回來啦。 (6) 提出意見、建議時，可用should表示委婉、謙遜的 語氣，意為“可”，“倒是”。 I should think you are mistaken. 我倒認為你是錯的。 (4) should意為“應該”，表義務、責任，也可表示勸告、 建議。 You should keep your promise. 你應該信守諾言。 (8)ought to表示責任和義務“應該”，語氣比 should強； 還可表推測。 You have practiced for a long time. There ought to be

23、 no difficulty for you. You ought to finish your work before you go home. 你應該在回家前完成作業。 (7)Why/ How should結構表示說話人對某事不能理解， 感到意外、驚異等意思，意為“竟會”。 Why should you be so late? 你今天來得怎么這么晚？ How should I know? 我怎會知道！(意為：我不知道。) 6.need的用法 (1)need作情態動詞表示“需要”，“必要”。通常用于否 定句、疑問句、條件句中，且只有現在時，其他時態用 “have to”的相應形式代替。 Yo

24、u neednt water the tomato plants now. Need he come now? Yes, he must. / No, he neednt. / he doesnt have to. (2)need還可以用作行為動詞，其變化和一般的動詞相同 。若主語為動作承受者時用動詞主動形式表示被動意義 或用不定式的被動形式。 The house needs repairing. The house needs to be repaired. 房子需要修理。 (3)注意對need問句的回答: Need I finish the work today? Yes, _. No,

25、_. No, _. you must you neednt you dont have to “Must？”一般疑問句的否定回答要用: No, sb. neednt. Must I finish my homework now? No, you_ Shall I tell John about it? No, you _ neednt (dont have to) neednt (dont have to) 7. dare的用法 (1) dare作情態動詞表示“敢于”用于否定句、疑問句和 條件句中。 She dare not go there.她不敢去那兒。 How dare she do s

26、uch a thing? 她怎敢做那樣的事情？ (2) 慣用短語“I dare say”意為“我想，大概”。 I dare say he is right. 我想他大概是對的吧。 (3)dare還可以用作行為動詞，其變化與一般動詞相同。 (在否定句中時，dare后的“to動詞原形”可以省略to)。 Do you dare to jump into the ocean? 你敢往海里跳嗎？ I dont dare (to) ask her. 我不敢問她。 可兼做行為動詞的情態動詞：need 、 dare 情態動詞 (+動詞原形)行為動詞 . need dare 1.無人稱和數的變化; 2.尤其用于

27、： *否定句及疑問句中; *在if/whether之后; *或與hardly, never, no one, nobody連用; 3.常以neednt和 darent 的形式出現;4.dare有其過去時dared. 多用于肯定句; (sb.) need to do dare to do (sth.) need to be done (sth.) need doing I darent ask her for a rise. How did you dare to tell her that? I wonder whether he dare stand up in public. I dont

28、 know how she dares to wear that dress. Do you need any help? I wonder whether he need send it immediately. I need hardly tell you that the work is dangerous. The garden doesnt need watering at the moment. You neednt finish that work today. 判斷正誤: How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say su

29、ch a thing? He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he? Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease. These dishes need be cleaned carefully. These dishes need to be cleaned carefully

30、. These dishes need cleaning carefully. 1. Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. Amight Bmust Ccould Dshall D 2 Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now? I am afraid you _， in case he comes late for the meeting. Awill Bmust Cmay D

31、can B 3I _ worry about my weekend I always have my plans ready before it comes. Acant Bmustnt Cdarent DneedntD 4If you _go, at least wait until the storm is over. Acan Bmay Cmust Dwill C 5 Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night

32、. Acould Bmight Cwould DshouldC 1can用于肯定句中有時可以用來表示推測，“有時會”；用于疑 問句中可以表示推測，意為“可能”，有時表示一種驚訝的語氣 ；用于否定句中也可以表示推測，cant “不可能”，語氣很強 烈。 (1) It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes. 我的家鄉在三月份通常很暖和，但有時候也會相當冷。 (2) Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he wa

33、s late for the meeting? 布什先生做什么事情都很準時，他怎么可能開會遲到呢？ (3) Im afraid Mr. Harding cant see you now. Hes busy. 恐怕Mr. Harding現在不能見你，他很忙。 2may用于肯定句中可以用來表示推測，意為“可能” 用于否定句中也可以表示推測，may not意為“可能不” ，表示一種不太確定的語氣。 (1)The traffic is heavy these days. I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place？ 這些天交通很繁忙，

34、我可能會來晚一點，請你幫我 保留個位置好嗎？ (2)Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy; they may just be quiet people. 言語不多的人未必就是害羞。他們或許就是安靜 的人。 3must 表示推測時只能用于肯定句中,意為“一定,必定 ”,表示十分肯定的語氣(在疑問句中或否定句中要用can) 。 Its the office！So you must know eating is not allowed here. Oh, sorry. (摘自2009湖南高考) 這是辦公室！所以你

35、一定知道這里不許吃東西。 噢，對不起。 4should 用來表示推測時意為“應該”，即含有“按道理 來說應當如此”的意思。 There shouldnt be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. 因為你在駕校訓練了那么多，通過路考應該沒什么困 難。 1It _be the postman at the door. Its only six oclock. Amustnt Bcant Cwont Dneednt B 2 I dont rea

36、lly like James. Why did you invite him? Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were. Amust not Bneed not Cwould not Dmight notD 3 Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. Ah，good morning. You _ be Mrs. Peters. Amight Bmust Cwould DcanB

37、 4(2012濰坊市模擬)Dont worry. Ive just sent an ambulance to you. They _ be there any second. Acould Bmight Cwould DshouldD 1. can/could have done表示“本來可以做，而實際上未 做”或者 “過去可能”，疑問或否定形式表示對過去發 生的行為表示懷疑或不肯定，其中cant have done多 用于語氣強烈的否定，意為“不可能做過”。 I could have run 100 metres in 12 seconds. 我本來能用12秒鐘完100米的.（實際上沒能）

38、If you could have finished the task in time，you could have been promoted. 如果你當時能如期完成那任務的話，你可能已提升 了（實際上沒有被提升） Do you know where David is？I couldnt find him anywhere. Well. He cant have gone far his coats still here. 2may/might have done表示對過去行為的推測,“可能 做過”。might所表示的可能性比較弱，語氣較委婉 。 此外might have done可表示“本

39、可能做而實際上未做 ”。 Sorry, Im late.I might have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. 對不起，我遲到了。我可能把鬧鐘關掉后又睡著了 。 3must have done表示對過去行為的推測,意為“一定， 想必”，語氣十分肯定。 Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strongwilled man. 杰克說他父親是個意志堅強的人，多年前他父親一定 是個勇敢的男孩子。 4

40、. should have done表示過去本來應該做某事而實際上卻 沒有做；shouldnt have done表示過去本來不應該做某 事而實際上卻做了。這一用法往往含有責備的意味。 I shouldnt have watched that movieitll give me horrible dreams. We should have studied last night, but we went to the concert instead . 我們昨晚本應學習的，但我們卻去看音樂會了。 5. ought to have done表示過去本來應該做某事而實際 上卻沒有做；ought n

41、ot to have done表示過去本來不 應該做某事而實際上卻做了。這一用法與should相 同，也往往含有責備的意味。 You ought to have come to the party yesterday，but why didnt you come? 昨天你本來應該參加聚會的，可是你為什么不來？ 6. neednt have done表示本來不必做某事而實際上卻做了 I need not have got up so early . 我本來不必要那么早起床的（事實上早已起床） I need not have waited for the train for an hour. 我本

42、來不必要等一個小時的火車.（事實上已等了一個小時 ） 7. would have done 用在虛擬語氣中表示與過去事實相反 之假設的結果，常與if 的條件句連用。 I would have helped you if I had known of your difficulties . 要是我當時知道你們的窘境，我就會幫助你了。 （而實際上沒有幫助你） If it hadnt rained yesterday, we would have gone out for a walk.假如昨天沒下雨，我們就去散步了。 （實際上沒有去）。 8. had better have done用于事后的建議

43、，含有輕微 責備的口吻，意為“當時最好做了某事”，其否定式 表 達相反的含義。 You had better have started earlier. You had better not have scolded her. 9. would rather have done表示“當時寧愿做某事”， 其否定式 would rather not have done 表達相反含義 ，兩者都表示“后悔”之意。 I would rather have taken his advice. I raised objections at the meeting, but now I would rathe

44、r not have done that. 1They _have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. Awill Bcan Cmust Dshould D 2 I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _it. Awill have stolen Bmight have stolen Cshould have

45、 stolen Dmust have stolen B 3(2012濰坊市抽樣檢測) They _ have prepared for the meeting more carefully. But they didnt. What a pity! Ashouldnt Bcant Cmay Dought to D 4(2012日照高三調研)We _ have hurried all the way to the airport the flight was called off because of the foggy weather. Amustnt Bcouldnt Cneednt Dwo

46、uldnt C 5. Mr White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt turn up. A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving A 6. If he had been here yesterday, he _ this pop star. A. would meet B. would have met C. met D. must have met B 7. It is hard for me to imag

47、ine what I would be doing today if I_ in love at the age of seven with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall B 8. But for the help of my English teacher, I _ the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A. would not win

48、 B. would not have won C. would win D. would have won 9. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A. would B. should C. could D. might 1. Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money. 【2012全國卷II】 A. canB.

49、 mightC. wouldD. need 2. _you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone? Sorry Sir, but its urgent. 【2012重慶】 A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would 2012年高考題 A C 3. I use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my house. 【2012全國】 A. couldnt B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. ne

50、ednt D 4. I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home. 【2012陜西】 A. wont B. cant C. can D. will B 5. Its quite warm here; we _ turn the heating on yet. 【2012天津】 A. couldnt B. mustnt C. neednt D. wouldnt 6. We _ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with u

51、s for dinner. 【2012江西】 A. may not B. neednt C. cant D. mustnt C B 7. One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school. 【2012遼寧】 A. might B. could C. shall D. will 8. I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao ” just as I _ do in China. 【2012四川】 A

52、. must B. might C. can D. should C B 9. Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was. 【2012江蘇】 A. mustnt B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. mightnt C 10. 【2012江蘇】Happy birthday! Thank you! Its the best present I _ for. A. should have wished B. must have wished. C. may have wished D. could have wished D