能量平衡與健康體重

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1、單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,#,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e,#,單擊此處編輯母版標題樣式,單擊此處編輯母版文本樣式,第二級,第三級,第四級,第五級,Concepts of Physical Fitness 14e,#,能量平衡與健康體重,能量平衡與健康體重,第1頁,能量平衡與健康體重,第2頁,第一節 能量平衡,體內能量收支平衡,食物能量供大于求時：多出脂肪進入身體脂肪組織中脂肪細胞貯存起來。,攝入能量不足時：消耗這些脂

2、肪。,貯存能量改變,=,能量攝入,-,能量輸出,能量平衡與健康體重,第3頁,能量平衡與健康體重,第4頁,5,在脂肪細胞內部，脂肪以滴狀儲存。這些滴狀物可急劇增大，此時細胞膜也會跟著膨脹變大。,男性脂肪主要集中在腹部，女性脂肪主要集中在臀部。,思索：,為何不以糖原形式儲存能量？,能量平衡與健康體重,第5頁,能量攝入,從食物和飲料中攝入能量是“能量攝入”唯一起源。,能量輸出,能量消耗組成：,基礎代謝,60%65%,人體各種活動,25%35%,食物代謝反應,5%10%,能量平衡與健康體重,第6頁,原因,對BMR影響,年紀,年輕人比中年人高；中年人比老年人高,身高,個高人表面積大，BMR高,生長,兒童

3、，孕婦,BMR,高,機體組成,非脂肪組織多，,BMR,高,發燒,發燒使BMR增高,應激反應,應激反應使,BMR,增高,環境溫度,太高或太低都會使,BMR,增高,禁食，饑餓,降低,BMR,營養不良,BMR,降低,甲狀腺素,甲狀腺素是BMR關鍵調控因子，甲狀腺素越多，BMR越高。,影響,BMR,原因,能量平衡與健康體重,第7頁,第二節 體脂太多或太少帶來問題,體重過輕危險是什么？,肥胖帶來不便,周圍性肥胖,中心性肥胖（軀干性肥胖）,整體性肥胖,能量平衡與健康體重,第8頁,評定身體發胖情況,各年紀段成人參考體重,能量平衡與健康體重,第9頁,評定身體發胖情況,BMI,值及患病危險,測量腰圍,用不可拉伸

4、尺子測量肚臍部位腰圍。,男子健康范圍小于,102cm,；,女性則小于,88cm,。,能量平衡與健康體重,第10頁,第三節 肥胖現實狀況,“Were raising our children the way we raise calves for veal-keep them in boxes,feed them too much,and allow them no exercise.”,Rich Killingsworth,Center for Disease Control and Prevention,能量平衡與健康體重,第11頁,肥胖增加,能量平衡與健康體重,第12頁,能量平衡與健康體重

5、,第13頁,BAGEL,20 Years Ago,Today,140 calories,3-inch diameter,How many calories,are in this bagel?,能量平衡與健康體重,第14頁,140 calories,3-inch diameter,Calorie Difference:210 calories,350 calories,6-inch diameter,BAGEL,20 Years Ago,Today,能量平衡與健康體重,第15頁,How long will you have to rake leaves in order to burn the

6、 extra 210 calories?*,*Based on 130-pound person,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡與健康體重,第16頁,If yourake the leaves for,50 minutes,you will burn the extra,210 calories,.*,*Based on 130-pound person,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡與健康體重,第17頁,CHEESEBURGER,20 Yea

7、rs Ago,Today,333 calories,How many calories are in todays cheeseburger?,能量平衡與健康體重,第18頁,Calorie Difference:257 calories,590 calories,CHEESEBURGER,20 Years Ago,Today,333 calories,能量平衡與健康體重,第19頁,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,How long will you have to lift weig

8、hts in order to burn the extra 257 calories?*,*Based on 130-pound person,能量平衡與健康體重,第20頁,If you lift weights for,1 hour and 30 minutes,you will burn approximately,257 calories,.*,*Based on 130-pound person,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡與健康體重,第21頁,SPAGHETTI AND MEATBALLS,20 Years Ago,Today,500 calories

9、,1 cup spaghetti with sauce and 3 small meatballs,How many calories do you think are in todays portion of spaghetti and meatballs?,能量平衡與健康體重,第22頁,Calorie Difference:525 calories,1,025 calories,2 cups of pasta with sauce and 3 large meatballs,20 Years Ago,Today,500 calories,1 cup spaghetti with sauce

10、 and 3 small meatballs,SPAGHETTI AND MEATBALLS,能量平衡與健康體重,第23頁,How long will you have to houseclean in order to burn the extra 525 calories?*,*Based on 130-pound person,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡與健康體重,第24頁,*Based on 130-pound person,If you houseclean

11、 for,2 hours and 35 minutes,you will burn approximately,525 calories,.*,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡與健康體重,第25頁,FRENCH FRIES,20 Years Ago,Today,210 Calories,2.4 ounces,How many calories are in,todays portion of fries?,能量平衡與健康體重,第26頁,610 Calories,6.9 ounces,Calorie Difference:400 Calories,FRENCH FRIE

12、S,20 Years Ago,Today,210 Calories,2.4 ounces,能量平衡與健康體重,第27頁,How long will you have to walk leisurely in order to burn those extra 400 calories?*,*Based on 160-pound person,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡與健康體重,第28頁,*Based on 160-pound person,If you walk l

13、eisurely for,1 hour and 10 minutes,you will burn approximately,400 calories,.*,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡與健康體重,第29頁,85 Calories,6.5 ounces,How many calories are in todays portion?,SODA,20 Years Ago,Today,能量平衡與健康體重,第30頁,Calorie Difference:165 Calories,250 Calories,20 ounces,85 Calories,6.5 ounces,

14、SODA,20 Years Ago,Today,能量平衡與健康體重,第31頁,How long will you have to work in the garden to burn those extra calories?*,*Based on 160-pound person,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡與健康體重,第32頁,If you work in the garden for 35 minutes,you will burn approximately 1

15、65 calories.*,*Based on 160-pound person,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡與健康體重,第33頁,320 calories,How many calories are in todays turkey sandwich?,TURKEY SANDWICH,20 Years Ago,Today,能量平衡與健康體重,第34頁,Calorie Difference:500 calories,820 calories,320 calories,TURKEY SANDWICH,20 Years Ago,Today,能量平衡與健康體重,第35頁

16、,How long will you have to ride a bike in order to burn those extra calories?*,*Based on 160-pound person,Maintaining a Healthy Weight is a Balancing Act,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡與健康體重,第36頁,*Based on 160-pound person,If you ride a bike for,1 hour and 25 minutes,you will burn approximately,500 calories,.*,Calories In=Calories Out,能量平衡與健康體重,第37頁,第四節 發胖之謎,為何要吃那么多東西？,“進行信號”,饑餓與食欲,“停頓信號”,飽足感遇飽腹感,能量平衡與健康體重,第38頁,級聯調控：饑餓、食欲、飽足感、飽腹感,能量平衡與健康體重,第39頁,各種食物飽滿感值,能量平衡與健康體重,第40頁,遺傳與肥胖,瘦身素,能量平衡與健康體重,第41頁,遺傳與肥